Proceedings of the Technical University of Sofia

Abstract: This paper presents the design and implementation of an embedded system for automated monitoring and irrigation of indoor plants, using ESP32 microcontroller. The system integrates soil moisture sensor, temperature sensor, and air humidity sensor. The collected data is processed in real time and made accessible through web-based interface, allowing users to remotely monitor via Wi-Fi. The proposed system aims to enhance plant care for individuals with limited time or experience.

Abstract: Decision-making in crisis situations is a complex process influenced not only by situational factors but also by individual differences among decision-makers. Crisis situations are characterized by uncertainty, high emotional strain, and limited time for reaction. In such contexts, decision-making is often heavily determinate by personality characteristics, such as levels of anxiety, self-control, conscientiousness, and emotional stability. This article explores the role of personality traits, cognitive abilities, emotional intelligence, and prior experience in shaping crisis-related decisions. Theoretical frameworks, including the Recognition-Primed Decision Model and naturalistic decision-making approaches, provide insight into how individuals process information under high-stress conditions. Empirical evidence suggests that traits such as conscientiousness, low neuroticism, high emotional intelligence, and prior experience enhance decision quality and adaptability in emergencies. The Big Five personality traits model suggests that all people, regardless of gender, age, or culture, share the same basic traits, but differ in the degree of their manifestation. Understanding these individual differences has significant implications for personnel selection, training, and leadership in high-risk environments. Finally, recommendations for future research emphasize the need for integrating psychological assessment and experiential training in crisis management programs.

Abstract: This study examines how banking and corporate governance models influence business dynamics and growth, focusing on Anglo-Saxon (market-based), Continental European (stakeholder-based), and Japanese (network-based) systems. Using World Bank data (2015–2023) for Germany, France, the UK, Ireland, Japan, Poland, and Bulgaria, it analyzes bank consolidation, firm entry/exit, and GDP growth via a weighted rating model. Results show Anglo-Saxon systems drive entrepreneurship but with high turnover, Japanese models foster resilience yet limit new firms, and Continental models balance entry with survival. Bulgaria shows strong activity but weak sustainability, suggesting a hybrid model combining market dynamism, European stability, and Japanese discipline.

Abstract: This paper explores Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) as a key economic indicator, delving into its characteristics, significance, and implications for understanding economic performance and growth potential. GFCF, representing net investments in fixed assets like infrastructure, machinery, and buildings, serves as an indicator of a country’s productive capacity and long-term economic health. By examining GFCF’s relationship with Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the study highlights its role in reflecting investment trends and economic expansion. Using comparative data from Bulgaria and selected European Union countries, the analysis investigates GFCF as a percentage of GDP to understand investment efficiency across different economies. Additionally, the Incremental Capital-Output Ratio (ICOR) is employed to assess the productivity of investments, enabling a comparative perspective on economic growth and capital utilization. The findings provide insights into how GFCF, as an indicator, supports economic modeling, guides policy decisions, and reflects investment climates, particularly in economies with varying levels of development. The study ultimately underscores the importance of GFCF in economic policy and investment strategy, highlighting both its advantages and limitations as a single metric of economic health.