Proceedings of the Technical University of Sofia

Abstract: Usage of UV-C light is an economical and environmentally friendly technology for surface and air disinfection, but it’s used as stationary facilities in public buildings. This article presents an innovative product of a personal protection mask that uses this technology. It allows users to work in pathogen contaminated environment without affecting the aspiration. The developed design not only sterilizes the inhaled and exhalated air, but also provides ease of use, functional reliability and comfort fit across diverse facial topologies. The design is physically prototyped and experimental research was done on mixed male and female target group. The survey approved that the developed protective UV-C mask has good ergonomics, provides a secure facial seal and maintains an unobstructed field of view.

Abstract: Expanding on the transformative impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the global economy, the impending shift towards heightened productivity carries both promises and challenges. As industries adapt to the era of automation, the potential for job displacement in specific sectors looms large, necessitating a nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics at play. Effective policy formulation and strategic initiatives are essential to mitigate the adverse effects of AI on employment and foster a more inclusive economic ecosystem. This scholarly endeavor embarks on a comprehensive exploration of the complexities surrounding job loss catalyzed by AI and automation through the lens of a robust theoretical framework and meticulous statistical analysis. Delving deeper into the realms of task automation and skill substitution, the research scrutinizes the ripple effects of such transformations, encompassing job polarization dynamics, labor market shifts, and income disparities. Furthermore, this paper explores the emergence of new employment prospects and necessary skills within the AI realm, offering a comprehensive examination of the evolving labor landscape in light of technological advancements.

Abstract: The publication treats a current problem related to the organizational culture and social responsibility of small and medium-sized telecommunications enterprises, as a prerequisite for the occurrence of human factors bullying in the workplace. It reflects a current issue and trend worldwide, according to which the lack of adequate mechanisms and social practices for managing and influencing people leads to problems in social relationships, reduces labor productivity, limits motivation and forms low results in the labor process. The research is aimed at establishing factors and indicators, as a prerequisite of human resources bullying as a result of inappropriate organizational culture and socially responsible behavior, as well as those that, according to the surveyed respondents, are important for preventing bullying in the workplace. The research was conducted on the territory of three large cities in the Republic of Bulgaria, and a quantitative approach was used in the development of an online survey, through which empirical data was generated in the business of small and medium-sized telecommunications enterprises. Based on the results, an analysis of the impact of organizational culture and social responsibility was made, so as to establish the role and effect they have on the perception, behavior and performance of human resources in a work environment.

Abstract: Today's rapidly evolving business landscape, organizations are continually seeking innovative strategies to enhance employee productivity and maintain a competitive edge. This paper explores the transformative potential of big data analytics in achieving this objective within the realm of human resources (HR). Big data, characterized by its volume, velocity, and variety, presents unprecedented opportunities for HR departments to gain deeper insights into the factors influencing employee productivity. Through the analysis of vast amounts of structured and unstructured data, organizations can identify patterns, correlations, and predictive indicators related to employee performance. This paper synthesizes existing literature, case studies, and industry insights to provide a comprehensive understanding of how big data can be harnessed to increase employee productivity. By embracing a data-driven approach to HR management, organizations can unlock new opportunities for innovation, efficiency, and employee satisfaction. As we stand on the precipice of a data-driven revolution in HR, this paper aims to inspire organizations to embrace the transformative power of big data in fostering a more productive and engaged work.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is to clarify the nature and importance of content marketing. To look at the platforms through which content marketing takes place and how it affects the consumer. In content marketing, it is especially important to analyze the audience that uses this channel before creating content. Content marketing is a particularly popular tool among Gen Z.

Abstract: Recycling is becoming one of the most pressing issues on our planet. Each one of us should be concerned and recycle our waste properly. For this purpose, however, states need to promote these activities, mostly for companies, but also for household users. People are not aware of how to recycle and whether it is possible to do this activity manually and voluntarily. The report aims to familiarize stakeholders with the manual plasma recycling process. As well as surveying their opinion on issues related to the recycling process.

Abstract: Every item of expense taken as a business deduction must be supported by documentary substantiation. Docu¬mentary substantiation means that the entity has the necessary documents to record a business transaction, and the docu¬ments themselves meet the requirements of the regulations. According to the Bulgarian Accounting Act, enter¬prises shall carry out accounting based on the documentary substantiation of business transactions and facts, complying with the requirements for documentary compliance under the legisla¬tion in force. Documentary evidence consists of receipts, paid bills, or similar evidence sufficient to support expenditure. Ordinarily, documentary evidence will be con¬sidered adequate to support expenditure if it includes suffi-cient information to establish the amount, date, place, and essential charac¬ter of the expenditure. The purpose of this article is to present the main regulatory requirements for documenting accounting expenses for tax purposes in Bulgaria

Abstract: Big data is one of the latest business and technical issues in the technology era. Hundreds of millions of events occur every day. The financial world is deeply involved in the computation of big data events. As a result, hundreds of millions of financial transactions take place every day in the industrial world. Therefore, financial professionals and analysts believe that this is an emerging problem in data management and analysis of various financial products and services in industrial enterprises in Bulgaria. Therefore, identifying the factors where big data has a significant impact is also an important issue to explore with the influences. Big data analytics is the process of extracting relevant information and insights from large data sets to inform and support decision-making. In industrial enterprises, Big Data Analytics can be used to analyze financial market trends, customer behavior, fraud detection, risk management, etc. Big Data is one of the latest technological advances with strong applicability in almost every industry, including manufacturing. However, despite the business opportunities offered by this technology, its adoption is still at an early stage in many industries. Thus, this study aims to identify and rank the significant factors influencing big data adoption and in turn predict the impact of big data adoption on the performance of manufacturing companies.

Abstract: Two main issues are considered – the dynamics of inequalities and the dynamics of poverty in Russia and Bulgaria. A comparative analysis is made on both problems. Four indicators are used to study the dynamics of inequalities. To study the dynamics of poverty, five indicators are used – three for absolute poverty and two for relative poverty. The results of the research show the much better adaptability of the Russian economy compared to the Bulgarian one in the conditions of war and social disasters. They show the much better economic and social policy of the Russian ruling class, compared to that of the Bulgarian ruling class. Inequalities in Russia are smaller compared to those in Bulgaria. And the Human Development Index is higher. Poverty in Russia is smaller by all indicators, compared to that in Bulgaria.

Abstract: The rapidly evolving technologies are transforming financial interactions, with digital payments becoming a catalyst for change. This report explores their evolution, from early online payments to mobile wallets and blockchain technology. It analyses key developments, technological innovations and the impact on consumers, businesses, and the economy. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated their adoption, making them an integral part of our daily lives. Despite the convenience, speed, security, and transparency, digital payments also pose challenges such as cybercrime and digital division. Effective regulations, technological innovation and continued attention to security are critical to their sustainable development. Blockchains, cryptocurrencies, central bank digital currencies (CBDC) and contactless technologies will shape the future of digital payments, making them even faster, more secure, more convenient, and more accessible to all. Understanding their development is key for all participants in today's economy.

Abstract: The purpose and essence of green bonds are studied. The opportunities for investing in environmentally sustainable projects through their issuance are outlined. The possibilities of green investments in the context of the so-called "Greenwashing". The prospects facing the international bond market are outlined and some solutions for its optimization are proposed.

Abstract: The text explores how consumers resist advertisements through various strategies and how marketers attempt to neutralize these behaviors. Consumers often avoid ads due to skepticism, using avoidance (physical, mechanical, cognitive), contesting, empowerment, and bias strategies. Avoidance includes ignoring or turning away from ads, while contesting involves challenging the ad’s content or tactics. Empowerment strategies involve reinforcing their own beliefs, and bias strategies distort ad messages to fit pre-existing views. To neutralize these behaviors, advertisers use tactics like two-sided ads, distraction, personalized messaging, and subtle ad placement. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for tailored "omega strategies" to reduce consumer resistance and calls for further research to improve marketing effectiveness in different contexts.

Abstract: The text focuses on two questions. First: "Why will there be no new Levski?" and second: "What distinguishes the Apostle from modern political leaders" for whom he is unattainable. It is known that Levski did not want to take any position after the Liberation of Bulgaria was achieved. One of his first biographers called him "the only unit" and perhaps this definition is closest to the truth of the magic of Levski, whose charm is not so much in specific deeds and traits, but mostly in the harmonious combination of many qualities . In order to create something better, then they begin to experience themselves as great men. It is hard to imagine Levski as a minister, MP or ambassador. He knew what awaited him and that he would pay for what he was doing, despite his discreet travels in the Bulgarian lands. That is why Levski personifies in its purest form the meaning of the word idealist.

Abstract: The report examines the strategic Human Resource Management (HRM) and Quality Management System (QMS) in the organization.

Abstract: The world is currently experiencing the third energy revolution of traditional energy from fossil fuels to new energy sources. The energy revolution led to the industrial revolution and also promoted the development of social productivity and human civilization. However, the contradictions between economic growth, resource consumption and ecological balance pose new challenges to energy use. The construction of a global energy network and the rapid development of decarbonization technology are effective ways to solve the problem of irrational energy exploitation. Accurate matching and optimal allocation of resources in the new relationship between energy demand, supply and emissions are the necessary conditions to achieve a win-win situation for energy, the economy and the environment. There are various economic phenomena such as markets, prices, supply and demand in the process of energy development and use. In turn, economic markets are inextricably linked to energy markets in terms of policy making, development planning, commodity trading, economic activity and decarbonization.

Abstract: The introduction of serialization of prescription medicinal products for seamless traceability along the supply chain requires significant changes in the processes of pharmaceutical companies and packaging manufacturers. With the entry into force of the EU Anti-Counterfeiting Directive 2011/62/EU in February 2019, pharmaceutical companies and packaging service providers have integrated serialization into their processes with enormous effort and significant investments, but in completely different forms - depending on the level of automation and the complexity of the process requirements. The IT infrastructure was and is an extremely complex area in order to completely reconfigure existing IT systems. Especially in the current crisis and highly unstable economic situation, many pharmaceutical companies are critically analyzing their technological steps. The potential for optimizing security services, such as serializing pharmaceutical packaging, is increasingly becoming the focus of those responsible, which is close to a kind of "efficiency wave" in terms of implementing security functions. What's more: According to many pharmaceutical manufacturers, a large proportion of production lines have become significantly more susceptible to failure, with correspondingly costly consequences, including higher demands on service personnel.

Abstract: People with disabilities are one of the most underutilized potentials in the labor market. In any respect, this is a misconception, due to the fact that, for example, people with autism spectrum disorders with the right training and in the right work environment could have successfully developed in the IT field, mathematics, music and other fields that require extreme attention to detail. In many respects, they can also have great added value for the company, specialists with experience in working with autistic people are categorical. Employees with special needs may have communication and language challenges, so they need to be handled carefully and with a different approach. Practice shows that you should communicate with them quite normally, with patience and necessarily based on a good knowledge of the types of disabilities. To this end, we may provide alternative methods or tools for communication, such as sign language interpreters, written instructions and other professional means.

Abstract: The idea of autonomous vehicles (AUVs) being used in logistics is gaining popularity. APCs capable of performing complex tasks such as autonomous navigation are an increasingly promising tool in logistics. Autonomous navigation requires sensors with high potential. The camera provides images from which it is possible to extract a large number of measurements for the APS - position, speed, distance from objects, etc. The area uniting vision and control is called visual control. The advantage of connecting vision with control is that the camera sensor has a great wealth of information. Its use has an undeniable advantage to perform complex tasks that require great precision. The work examines problems of visual control in the presence of a camera on board the APS. Control is sought only through the images captured by the camera under additional image analysis time constraints in order to update the command most frequently. The relationship between vision and control (visual assessment) is explored for the purpose of control based on the information provided by the video analysis. The combined study of the constituents of visual control leads to a new control enabling greater overlap between control law and image analysis and more efficient use of APS in logistics.

Abstract: The report examines e-communications and the specific requirements related to the selection of effective media platforms adapted to the digital context. They have a direct impact on social and interpersonal relationships in a virtual team environment and an indirect impact (through work and technological processes) on the effectiveness of the virtual team structure. The focus is placed on the main challenges in a virtual context, related to the integration of synchronous and asynchronous communications in a single information structure (platform), which is adapted to the "symbiosis" of cultural diversity in the team. The virtual team's ability to develop and maintain a network of reciprocal social and personal relationships, norms, and trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation is analysed. The role of e-leaders is fundamental in the process of overcoming information asymmetry in a virtual context, as they use web-based technologies and systems as a lever to achieve an adequate level of communication that creates or maintains the necessary social dimensions. Communications tailored to team goals cannot occur without a certain level of trust in virtual teams.