Е-Публикации
Технически университет - София

Abstract: This paper examines the challenges in developing suitable computational models for the theoretical study of a shunter handrail, an important safety element in shunter operation. The theoretical studies were done using the finite element method with ANSYS® Workbench™ software. Detailed three-dimensional models were developed, describing very precisely the geometry of the object, and non-linear computational models were used to investigate plastic deformation. To validate these models, several physical tests were performed in the Railway Engineering Department laboratory at the Technical University of Sofia, covering various load cases. The deformations in the studied object were measured and the stresses were determined. A comparative analysis was made based on the results of static strength analysis of the supporting metal structure and the conducted tests. A very good correspondence of the results was found, making the developed models suitable for the study of other similar objects.

References

1. UIC Codex 535-1, Standardization of Steps and Handrail on Wagon, 5 th edition, (1986).
2. UIC Codex 535-2, Standardization and Positioning on Wagons of Steps, End Platforms, Gangways, Handrails, Tow Hooks, Automatic Coupler (AC), Draw-Only Automatic Coupler (DAC) and Brake Valve Controls on the UIC Member Rus and OSJD Member Rus, 4 th edition, (2006).
3. EN 16116-2: 2021 Railway Applications-Design Requirements for Steps, Handrails and Associated Access for Staff-Part 2: Freight Wagons, (2021).
4. ERRI B12/DT 335: 2005 Constructional Provisions for Improved End Steps and Handrails, Taking Special Account of Radio Remote-Controlled Marshalling, (2005).
5. R. Hibbeler, Mechanics of Materials (Pearson, 2017), 10 th Edition.
6. R. Budynas, J. K. Nisbett, Shigley's Mechanical Engineering Design (McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020), 11 th Edition.
7. O. Fomin, J. Gerlici, A. Lovska, M. Gorbunov, K. Kravchenko, T. Lack, "Creating mathematical model of the bearing structure dynamic load of the flat wagon from round pipes in the main operational modes," Transportation Research Procedia 55, pp. 875-881 (2021). 10.1016/j.trpro.2021.07.179
8. V. Stoilov, G. Simić, S. Purgić, D. Milković, S. Slavchev, S. Radulović, and V. Maznichki, "Comparative analysis of the results of theoretical and experimental studies of freight wagon Sdggmrss-twin," IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 664, 012026 (2019). 10.1088/1757-899X/664/1/012026
9. V. Milovanović, V. Dunić, D. Rakić, M. Vivković, "Identification causes of cracking on the underframe of wagon for containers transportation-Fatigue strength assessment of wagon welded joints," Engineering Failure Analysis 31, pp. 118-131 (2013). 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2013.01.039
10. M. Dhanasekar, W. Bayissa, "Structural adequacy assessment of a disused flat bottom rail wagon as road bridge deck," Engineering Structures 33 (5), pp. 1838-1849 (2011). 10.1016/j.engstruct.2011.02.029
11. M. Vivković, V. Milovanović, N. Jovanović, M. Bojović, "Experimental and numerical investigation of sliding bolt connection on the wagon for the transport petroleum products," Materials Today: Proceedings 32 Part 2, pp. 88-92 (2020).
12. L. Miramand, V. Richard. B. McFadyen, K. Turcot, "Three dimensional validation of an instrumented handrail for stair gait," Medical Engineering & Physics 86, pp. 16-19 (2020). 10.1016/j.medengphy.2020.10.005
13. Y.-H. Kim, et al., "A review of IOSS design standardization technology for aluminum alloy handrail of offshore platform," Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 34 (3), pp. 208-216 (2020). 10.26748/KSOE.2020.001
14. T. Hampel, L. Beier, T. Jänke, S. Scheerer, H. Wachtel, H.-P. Werneke, "Static load test of a balustrade to receive approval for use of the building section for public events," Report in the Yearbook of Technical University Dresden, (2009).
15. L. Brambilla, "Strength and life analysis in plastic strain range. Neuber versus strain energy conservation principle," in Proceedings of IRF2018: 6th International Conference Integrity-Reliability-Failure (22-26 July 2018, Lisbon, Portugal), pp. 301-310.
16. S. Kilambi and S. M. Tipton, "Numerical evaluation of the original "Neuber's rule" for pure out-of-plane shear loading," The Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 48 (8), pp. 522-535 (2013). 10.1177/0309324713496407
17. G. Glinka, A. A. Roostaei, H. Jahed, "8-Cyclic plasticity applied to the notch analysis of metals," Cyclic Plasticity of Metals, pp. 283-323 (2022). 10.1016/B978-0-12-819293-1.00019-X
18. H. Fu, et al., "Plastic deformation behavior and bonding strength of an EBW joint between 9Cr-ODS and JLF-1 estimated by symmetric four-point bend tests combined with FEM analysis," Fusion Engineering and Design 102, pp. 88-93 (2016). 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.11.037
19. C. Gao, T. Iwamoto, "Instrumented Taylor impact test for measuring stress-strain curve through single trial," International Journal of Impact Engineering 157, 103980 (2021). 10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2021.103980
20. W. Ramberg, W. R. Osgood, "Description of stress-strain curves by three parameters ", Technical Note, National Advisory Committe for Aeronautics, Washington, 902 (1943).
21. I. Arrayago, E. Real, L. Gardner, "Description of stress-strain curves for stainless steel alloys ", Materials & Design 87, pp. 540-552 (2015). 10.1016/j.matdes.2015.08.001
22. EN 10216-2: 2020 Seamless Steel Tubes for Pressure Purposes-Technical Delivery Conditions-Part 2: Non-alloy and Alloy Steel Tubes with Specified Elevated Temperature Properties, (2020)
23. EN 10305-1: 2016 Steel Tubes for Precision Applications-Technical Delivery Conditions-Part 1: Seamless Cold Drawn Tubes, (2016).
24. D. Rechena, V. Infante, L. Sousa, R. Baptista, "Design and failure modes of a standard railway catenary cantilever support," Engineering Failure Analysis 107, 104217 (2020). 10.1016/j.engfailanal.2019.104217
25. N. Dowling, S. Kampe, M. Kral, Mechanical Behavior of Materials (Pearson Education Limited, 2020), 5 th Edition.
26. B. Goodno, J. Gere, Mechanics of Materials (Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016), 9 th Edition.
27. W. Rust, Nichtlineare Finite-Elemente-Berechnungen mit ANSYS Workbench (Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden, 2020).

Issue