Autors: Dermendzhiyski, Y. H., Pavlov, N. L.
Title: A Study of Energy Consumption of a Converted Electric Vehicle in Winter Conditions
Keywords:

Abstract: One of the grave disadvantages of electric cars is their reduced mileage in cold temperatures (winter conditions). A key factor contributing to the sharp decline in electric vehicle range in winter is the need to heat the passenger compartment. The present paper analyzes the energy consumption of a Nissan Micra car, converted into an electric vehicle, comparing the effects of having the passenger compartment heating on versus off mode. Analog sensors are used to measure ambient temperature, cabin temperature, traction battery current, and voltage. The experiments were carried out on a busy boulevard with intense traffic, and a significant change in altitude. The results are presented graphically and carefully analyzed.

References

  1. M. Steinstraeter, Т. Heinrich, М. Lienkamp, “Effect of low temperature on electric vehicle range”, World Electric Vehicle Journal 12, 115 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12030115
  2. UN Regulation No 154: Uniform provisions concerning the approval of light duty passenger and commercial vehicles with regards to criteria emissions, emissions of carbon dioxide and fuel consumption and/or the measurement of electric energy consumption and electric range (WLTP) [2021/2039].
  3. Global EV Outlook (2021), “Accelerating ambitions despite the pandemic”, https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ed5f4484-f556-4110-8c5c-4ede8bcba637/GlobalEVOutlook2021.pdf (Accessed on 27.03.2024).
  4. S. Ma et al., “Temperature effect and thermal impact in lithium-ion batteries: A review”, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International 28(6), pp. 653–666 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2018.11.002
  5. H. Ayartürk, E. Doruk, İ. Durgun, K. Ekbiç, “New heating system development working with waste heat for electric vehicles”, Transportation Research Procedia 14, pp. 1080–1086 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2016.05.178
  6. Volkswagen Group of America, Self Study Program. The ID.4 New Model Overview, (2021). https://static.nhtsa.gov/odi/tsbs/2021/MC-10189712-0001.pdf (Accessed on 27 February 2024).
  7. D. Yang, Y. Huo, Q. Zhang, J. Xie, Z. Yang, “Recent advances on air heating system of cabin for pure electric vehicles: A review”, Heliyon 8(10), e11032 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11032
  8. J. Taggart, “Ambient temperature impacts on real-world electric vehicle efficiency & range”, 2017 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC), Chicago, IL, USA, pp. 186–190 (2017), https://doi.org/10.1109/ITEC.2017.7993269
  9. E. E. Michaelides, “Thermodynamics and energy usage of electric vehicles”, Energy Conversion and Management 203, 112246 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2019.112246
  10. P. Pavlov, P. Mashkov, “Review of thermal management systems for heating of battery-electric vehicles”, Proceedings of University of Ruse 61, Transport and Machine Science, pp. 53–60 (2022), (in Bulgarian).
  11. M. Shahjalal et al., “A review of thermal management for Li-ion batteries: Prospects, challenges, and issues”, Journal of Energy Storage 39, 102518 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102518
  12. J. Wang, Z. Sun and X. Wei, “Performance and characteristic research in LiFePO4 battery for electric vehicle applications”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Dearborn, MI, USA, pp. 1657–1661 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1109/vppc.2009.5289664
  13. H. Gabrisch, J. D. Wilcox and M. M. Doeff, “Carbon surface layers on a high-rate LiFePO4”, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 9(7), A360 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1149/1.2203309
  14. V. Dimitrov and N. Pavlov, “Study of the starting acceleration and regenerative braking deceleration of an electric vehicle at different driving modes”, 13th Electrical Engineering Faculty Conference (BulEF), Varna, Bulgaria, pp. 1–4 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/BulEF53491.2021.9690780
  15. R. R. Basyrov, D. A. Galimyanov, N. V. Nikishin, Comfort of Vehicles, Textbook, Kazan, p. 99 (2015), (In Russian).
  16. R. Dimitrov, D. Ivanov, Z. Ivanov, V. Mihaylov, R. Wrobel and M. Andrych-Zalewska, “Investigation of acceleration and brake deceleration of light vehicles”, International Conference on Communications, Information, Electronic and Energy Systems (CIEES), Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, pp. 1–4 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEES55704.2022.9990763
  17. Z. Ivanov, R. Dimitrov, D. Ivanov, V. Mihaylov, R. Wrobel, M. Andrych-Zalewska, “System for experimental study of kinematic parameters during car movement”, AIP Conf. Proc. 2868, 020027 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0165631
  18. Z. Ivanov, V. Mihaylov, R. Dimitrov, D. Ivanov, S. Stoyanov, S. Iliev, D. Lyubenov, “Analysis of car kinematics parameters at low frequency data logging”, AIP Conf. Proc. 3104, 020021 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0199258

Issue

AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3294, 2024, , https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0254143

Copyright AIP Publishing

Вид: публикация в международен форум, публикация в издание с импакт фактор, публикация в реферирано издание, индексирана в Scopus