Autors: Dimitrova, R. V. Title: Training of AI Models and Copyright: Analysis of the Relevant EU and Bulgarian Law Provisions Keywords: AI models training, copyright, infringement, text and data miningAbstract: To perform their specific tasks, Artificial intelligence (AI) models need to be trained on a vast quantity of data. The training datasets usually contain copyrighted materials. Given the large number of works included, most often AI developers don't bother to ask the rightsholders' permission and thus commit copyright infringement. Many jurisdictions have adopted rules on AI models training. The present article aims to analyze the relevant provisions in the EU and Bulgarian law and find out whether national rules comply with EU requirements. References - R. Dimitrova, “Are AI-Assisted Works Copyrightable?”, 11-th International Scientific Conference COMPUTER SCIENCE, 18 - 20 September 2023, Bulgaria.
- A. Buick,”Copyright and AI training data—transparency to the rescue?,” Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, 2024, Vol. 00, No. 00, 2024, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpae102
- C. Novelli, F. Casolari, P. Hacker, G. Spedicato, and L. Floridi, “Generative AI in EU law: Liability, privacy, intellectual property, and cybersecurity,” Computer Law & Security Review, 55 (2024) 106066.
- J. Quang, “DOES TRAINING AI VIOLATE COPYRIGHT LAW?,” BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL, Vol. 36:1407:2021.
- J-C. Fernández-Molina and F. E. de la Rosa, “Copyright and Text and Data Mining: Is the Current Legislation Sufficient and Adequate?,” portal: Libraries and the Academy, Vol. 24, No. 3 (2024), pp. 653–672.
- G.M. Ziaja, “The text and data mining opt-out in Article 4(3) CDSMD: Adequate veto right for rightholders or a suffocating blanket for European artificial intelligence innovations?,” Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice, Vol. 19, No. 5, 2024.
- F. Ferri, “The dark side(s) of the EU Directive on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market,” China-EU Law Journal (2021) 7:21–38 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12689-020-00089-5
- Germany - Hamburg District Court, 310 O.22723, LAION v Robert Kneschke, [27 September 24], EUIPO, https://www.euipo.europa.eu/en/law/recent-caselaw/germany-hamburg-district-court-310-o-22723-laion-vrobert-kneschke [
- Thomson Reuters wins AI copyright 'fair use' ruling against one-time competitor, https://www.reuters.com/legal/thomsonreuters-wins-ai-copyright-fair-use-ruling-against-one-timecompetitor-2025-02-11/
- Bulgaria will have its own AI factory – a project of INSAIT and Sofia Tech Park for 90M EUR, https://insait.ai/bulgariawill-have-its-own-ai-factory-a-project-for-90m-eur/
- Bulgarian government published its National AI Strategy, https://ai-watch.ec.europa.eu/countries/bulgaria/bulgaria-aistrategy-report_en
- Directive (EU) 2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 on copyright and related rights in the Digital Single Market and amending Directives 96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC (OJ L 130, 17.5.2019, p. 92–125).
- Directive (EU) 2019/789 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 April 2019 laying down rules on the exercise of copyright and related rights applicable to certain online transmissions of broadcasting organisations and retransmissions of television and radio programmes, and amending Council Directive 93/83/EEC (OJ L 130, 17.5.2019, p. 82–91) .
- Bulgarian Copyright and Related Rights Act, Published in State Gazette No.56/1993. (Закон за авторското право и сродните му права).
- D. Garikapati, and S.S. Shetiya, “Autonomous Vehicles: Evolution of Artificial Intelligence and the Current Industry Landscape,” Big Data Cogn. Comput. 2024,8, 42.
- Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 June 2024 laying down harmonised rules on artificial intelligence and amending Regulations (EC) No 300/2008, (EU) No 167/2013, (EU) No 168/2013, (EU) 2018/858, (EU) 2018/1139 and (EU) 2019/2144 and Directives 2014/90/EU, (EU) 2016/797 and (EU) 2020/1828 (Artificial Intelligence Act) (OJ L, 2024/1689, 12.7.2024).
- T. Margoni and M. Kretschmer, “A Deeper Look into the EU Text and Data Mining Exceptions: Harmonisation, Data Ownership, and the Future of Technology,” GRUR International, 71(8), 2022, 685–701.
- Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases (OJ L 77, 27.3.1996, p. 20).
- Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (OJ L 167, 22.6.2001, p. 10).
- Directive 2009/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the legal protection of computer programs (OJ L 111, 5.5.2009, p. 16).
- EPRS, European Parliamentary Research Service, “AI and copyright: The training of general-purpose AI”, authors: Tristan Marcelin with Filippo Cassetti.
Issue
| 2025 34th International Scientific Conference Electronics, ET 2025 - Proceedings, 2025, Bulgaria, https://doi.org/10.1109/ET66806.2025.11204072 |
|